emacs-wiki

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1. Preface

This document describes emacs-wiki, which was written by John Wiegley and is now maintained by Michael Olson.

This document is a work in progress, and your contribution will be greatly appreciated. Please email comments and suggestions to the maintainer, Michael Olson mwolson@gnu.org .

2. Introduction

emacs-wiki enables you to create and use hyperlinks and simple formatting in plain text files, and to optionally publish your pages as HTML.

• 2004

  Damien Elmes handed EmacsWikiMode to Mark Triggs for a short period of time. Mark Triggs deferred to Sacha Chua as official maintainer of PlannerMode. Sacha Chua volunteered to maintain RememberMode. Michael Olson became the maintainer of EmacsWikiMode later that year.

• 2003

  Sacha Chua volunteered to maintain PlannerMode. Damien Elmes volunteered to maintain EmacsWikiMode.

• 2001

  John Wiegley wrote EmacsWikiMode and PlannerMode.

3. Installation

3.1 Installing a release

Choose to install a release if you want to minimize risk.

Errors are corrected in development first. Once fixes are confirmed, a new release will be made. User-visible changes will be clearly marked with "NOTE:" in the ChangeLog. Major changes will also be announced on the emacs-wiki-discuss@nongnu.org mailing list. see section 13. Getting Help and Reporting Bugs.

Debian users can get emacs-wiki via apt-get. The version of emacs-wiki in the Debian stable archive is not recommended, since it is so old. `emacs-wiki' is available in the Sarge and Sid distributions: apt-get install emacs-wiki .

You can also install the source distribution.

1. Download and unpack the latest version from http://www.mwolson.org/static/dist/emacs-wiki/ .
2. Edit your `~/.emacs'.

   ;; Add the directories to your load path (add-to-list 'load-path "/path/to/emacs-wiki") ;; Load emacs-wiki (require 'emacs-wiki)

You can download the archive at the following locations:

• Current and past releases: http://www.mwolson.org/static/dist/emacs-wiki/
• Debian installation: apt-get install emacs-wiki

3.2 Installing the development version

Choose the development version if you want to live on the bleeding edge of emacs-wiki development or try out new features before release.

The Arch revision control system allows you to retrieve previous versions and select specific features and bug fixes.

Downloading the modules for the first time:

1. Install arch. Debian: apt-get install tla . Other distros: see http://regexps.srparish.net/www/ .
2. Register the archive and download the modules.

   # Register the archive tla register-archive mwolson@member.fsf.org--2004 http://www.mwolson.org/archives/2004 # Download emacs-wiki module into the emacs-wiki/ subdirectory tla get mwolson@member.fsf.org--2004/emacs-wiki--main--1.0 emacs-wiki

3. Open your `~/.emacs' and add the `emacs-wiki/' directory to your load path.

   (add-to-list 'load-path "/path/to/emacs-wiki")

To list upstream changes not in local copy:

# Change to the source directory you are interested in. Example:
cd emacs-wiki/

# Display the summary of changes
tla missing --summary

To update to the latest version:

cd emacs-wiki
tla replay

You can also obtain the archive at the following locations on the web:

• Browse arch repository: http://www.mwolson.org/archives/2004
• Latest development snapshot: http://www.mwolson.org/static/dist/emacs-wiki-latest.tar.gz

The latest development snapshot will be kept up to date since it is updated at the same time as the Arch repository.

4. Wiki Concepts

Wiki is a concept, more than a thing. It is a way of creating document pages using plain text markup and simplified hyperlinking.

By typing a name in MixedCase (also known as CamelCase), a hyperlink is automatically created to the document `MixedCase'. Pressing return on that name will create the file if it doesn't exist, or visit it if it does.

The markup used by Emacs-Wiki is intended to be very friendly to people familiar with Emacs. Type C-h v emacs-wiki-publishing-markup after this mode is loaded for more information on how to get started.

Wiki's are often associated with sites that allow collaborative editing of a website. emacs-wiki is not meant to produce this sort of site, although you can use Emacs to serve web pages. See `emacs-wiki-httpd.el' for more information. Note that this feature is not well-tested.

5. Getting Started

To begin using Emacs-Wiki, put this in your `.emacs' file:

(load ``emacs-wiki'')

Now you can type M-x emacs-wiki-find-file, give it a WikiName (or just hit return) and start typing!

You should also type M-x customize-group, and give the name `emacs-wiki'. Change it to suit your preferences. Each of the options has its own documentation.

6. Keystroke Summary

Here is a summary of keystrokes available in every Wiki buffer:

C-c C-a

Jump to an index of all the Wiki pages.

C-c C-b

Show all pages that reference this page.

C-c C-s

Search for a word in your Wiki pages.

C-c C-f

Jump to another Wiki page. Prompt for the name.

C-c C-l

Highlight/refresh the current buffer.

C-c C-p

Publish any Wiki pages that have changed as HTML.

C-c C-r

Rename Wiki link at point.

C-c C-e

Edit link at point.

C-c C-v

Change Wiki project.

C-c C-D

Delete Wiki link at point. This binding will only work on X.

C-c =

Diff this page against the last backup version.

TAB

Move to the next Wiki reference.

S-TAB

Move to the previous Wiki reference.

7. Markup Rules

7.1 Changing Title or Stylesheet

For convenience, if you want to change the visible title or the stylesheet used by a certain Wiki page during HTML publishing, just put:

#title Hello there
#style hello.css

at the top of the page.

7.2 Lists

Whitespace is required after bullets and numbers thot are part of a list.

Here is an example:

- This
- Is
- A
- List

1. This
2. too

But this is not,
--even if it starts with dashes
0.1] or numbers, as in the original test case.

Sub-lists?

There is no inherent support for sub-lists, since the author couldn't think of a simple way to do it. But if you really need them, here's a trick you can use:

 - Hello
   <ul>
   <li>There
   <li>My friend
   </ul>

7.3 Images

You can include links of the form `[[some/link][some/image]]'. If you want to include alt text, use `[[some/link][some/image alt text]]'.

You may need to have auto-image-file-mode set to `t' for this to work.

7.4 Lisp Tricks

<lisp></lisp> tags can be used, not only to evaluate forms for insertion at that point, but to influence the publishing process in many ways. Here's another way to change a page's stylesheet:

<lisp>
(ignore
  ;; use special.css for this Wiki page
  (set (make-variable-buffer-local 'emacs-wiki-style-sheet)
       "<link rel=\"stylesheet\" type=\"text/css\" href=\"special.css\" />"))
</lisp>

The ignore is needed so nothing is inserted where the <lisp> tag occurred. Also, there should be no blank lines before or after the tag (to avoid empty paragraphs from being created). The best place to put this would be at the very top or bottom of the page.

7.5 Non-existent Links

By default, non-existent links are converted into mailto: links in published HTML. This allows website visitors to e-mail emacs-wiki-maintainer for missing information. If you want non-existent links to be rendered as plain text, set emacs-wiki-markup-nonexistent-link to nil.

In HTML served directly from Emacs using httpd and emacs-wiki-httpd.el, non-existent links are always editable links.

8. Interactive Functions

`emacs-wiki.el' defines the following interactive functions:

Function: emacs-wiki-edit-link-at-point

Edit the current link. Do not rename the Wiki page originally referred to.

Function: emacs-wiki-find-file wiki command directory

Open the Emacs Wiki page wiki by name. If command is non-nil, it is the function used to visit the file. If directory is non-nil, it is the directory in which the Wiki page will be created if it does not already exist.

Function: emacs-wiki-next-reference

Move forward to next Wiki link or URL, cycling if necessary.

Function: emacs-wiki-previous-reference

Move backward to the next Wiki link or URL, cycling if necessary. This function is not entirely accurate, but it's close enough.

Function: emacs-wiki-refresh-buffers &rest args

Rebuild file alist and refresh current project. Call after creating a page.

Function: emacs-wiki-follow-name-at-point other-window

Visit the link at point, or insert a newline if none.

Function: emacs-wiki-follow-name-at-point-other-window

Visit the link at point in other window.

Function: emacs-wiki-follow-name-at-mouse event other-window

Visit the link at point, or yank text if none.

Function: emacs-wiki-follow-name-at-mouse-other-window event

Visit the link at point.

Function: emacs-wiki-rename-link-at-point

Rename the link under point, and the location it points to. This does not work with URLs, and will preserve a description in an extended link.

Function: emacs-wiki-delete-link-at-point

Delete the link under point, and the location it points to. This does not work with URLs.

Function: emacs-wiki-search text

Search for the given text string in the Wiki directories.

Function: emacs-wiki-backlink

Grep for the current page name in all the Wiki directories.

Function: emacs-wiki-index

Display an index of all known Wiki pages.

Function: emacs-wiki-highlight-buffer

Re-highlight the entire Wiki buffer.

Function: emacs-wiki-visit-published-file arg

Visit the current Wiki page's published result.

Function: emacs-wiki-dired-publish

Publish all marked files in a dired buffer.

Function: emacs-wiki-publish-index

Publish an index of the Wiki pages. This function can be added to emacs-wiki-after-wiki-publish-hook.

Function: emacs-wiki-publish arg

Publish all Wikis that need publishing. If the published Wiki already exists, it is only overwritten if the Wiki is newer than the published copy. When given the optional argument arg, all Wikis are rewritten, no matter how recent they are. The index file is rewritten no matter what.

Function: emacs-wiki-publish-this-page

Force publication of the current page.

Function: emacs-wiki-change-project project

Change Wiki projects.

When called interactively, load the welcome page of the selected project in a new buffer. If no project is selected, the default project as specified in emacs-wiki-default-project will be used.

Note that the project will only be changed if the welcome page exists for the target project. This may be changed in the future to find a nonexistent file, though if this happens it is not clear which of Wiki directory should be used in the case of there being multiple directories.

When called from a Lisp program, update the current buffer's project to project.

9. Convenience Features

The following are several miscellaneous features that might make your emacs-wiki experience more enjoyable.

Using pcomplete

If you have pcomplete loaded, you can type M-TAB to complete Wiki names. Hitting M-TAB two or more times in succession will cycle through all of the possibilities. You can find `pcomplete.el' in the `contrib' directory that comes with the emacs-wiki tarball.

ChangeLog

If you use a ChangeLog (C-x 4 a) within one of your Wiki directories, it will be used for notifying visitors to your Wiki of recent changes.

Macros

Macros can be defined for text that you use often. Consult `emacs-wiki-macros.el' for information on using this feature.

Menu

This feature allows you to make custom and auto-generated navigation menus. Please consult the top of the `emacs-wiki-menu.el' for reasonably complete documentation.

10. Fancy Tables

To get fancy table markup, add:

(require 'emacs-wiki-table)

to your `.emacs'. In your wiki source files, you can now make tables that look like this:

 +------------------------------------------------------------------+
 |                    A table header                                |
 +-------------------------------+----------------------------------+
 |           Column 1            |           Column 2               |
 +-------------------------------+----------------------------------+
 |Some text here                 |More text here, even wrapping to  |
 |                               |the next line                     |
 +-------------------------------+----------------------------------+
 |Some text here                 |More text here, even wrapping to  |
 |                               |the next line                     |
 +-------------------------------+----------------------------------+

See `table.el' for more information.

`emacs-wiki-table.el' does not add any interactive functions or keybindings.

11. Multiple Projects

Emacs-wiki has a way of supporting multiple Wiki projects. This allows you to make links from one project to another, which are often called interwiki links. This can be convenient if you wish to split your website according to the kind of content, for example.

For now, it is considered good practice to have your multiple projects under a common directory, and not to nest your projects.

You will need something like the following in your `.emacs' file in order to set up multiple project support.

(setq emacs-wiki-projects
      `(("WebWiki" .
         ((emacs-wiki-directories . ("~/proj/wiki/webpage"))
          (emacs-wiki-project-server-prefix . "../wiki/")
          (emacs-wiki-publishing-directory
           . "~/personal-site/site/wiki")))
        ("ProjectsWiki" .
         ((emacs-wiki-directories . ("~/proj/wiki/projects"))
          (emacs-wiki-project-server-prefix . "../projects/")
          (emacs-wiki-publishing-directory
           . "~/personal-site/site/projects")))))

The first phrase on the second line of code is the name of the project. In this example, there are two projects, WebWiki and ProjectsWiki. It would be best for these names to be in mixed case.

The emacs-wiki-directories line indicates which source directories correspond with the particular project. This must be a list.

emacs-wiki-project-server-prefix is the text that will be put at the beginning of each interwiki link at publish time. For example, `WebWiki#MyPage' would be rendered `../wiki/MyPage.html' in its published (HTML) form. It is also acceptable to give an absolute location here, like `/projects', with the root directory corresponding to your root web publishing directory.

emacs-wiki-publishing-directory is the directory where the HTML content will be placed upon publishing the project. You should make sure that the content of emacs-wiki-project-server-prefix is such that a link from a file in one project to a file in another project is feasible.

Other variables can also be defined in this block if you wish to customize a particular project further.

12. Encryption

To get PGG(1) support within Emacs Wiki, add

(require 'emacs-wiki-pgg)

to your `.emacs'. In your wiki source files, you can now have sections of text that is automatically encrypted when published or sections that can be decrypted/encrypted interactively.

12.1 Interface to PGG

Make sure to set pgg-gpg-user-id to your user id. Eg:

(setq pgg-gpg-user-id "Your user id")

There are two interfaces to PGG. This can be controlled via setting the variable emacs-wiki-pgg-interface to the correct function:

Variable: emacs-wiki-pgg-interface

'pgg-encrypt-show

pgg-encrypt-region(2) is called interactively after setting point and mark. Recipients are read from the minibuffer.

'pgg-encrypt-sign-self

This is a personalized version of pgg-encrypt-region that is intended when the recipient is self. Message is signed if emacs-wiki-pgg-sign is non-nil. You are welcome to change pgg-encrypt-sign-self in `emacs-wiki-pgg.el' to suit your needs.

Variable: emacs-wiki-pgg-sign

Set to non-nil if you want the message to be signed when the interface is pgg-encrypt-sign-self.

12.2 gpg Tag

Enclose text that you want to encrypt/decrypt interactively in Emacs Wiki mode within these tags. Whitespace is preserved during publish via the <pre> tag.

M-x emacs-wiki-encrypt-gpg

Finds each gpg tag and encrypts the text between them using the chosen PGG interface see section 12.1 Interface to PGG. The resultant encrypted text is immediately visible in the buffer.

M-x emacs-wiki-decrypt-gpg

Finds each gpg tag and decrypts the text between them. The resultant decrypted text is immediately visible in the buffer.

C-u M-x emacs-wiki-encrypt-gpg

Encrypts the entire buffer using the chosen PGG interface. The resultant encrypted text is immediately visible in the buffer. The resultant wiki file is unsuitable for publishing. Use this with care.

C-u M-x emacs-wiki-decrypt-gpg

Decrypts the entire buffer. The resultant decrypted text is immediately visible.

C-c C-S-e

Calls emacs-wiki-encrypt-gpg.

C-c C-S-d

Calls emacs-wiki-decrypt-gpg.

Example: Consider the following wiki markup

<gpg>Test data</gpg>

Press C-c C-S-e to get:

<gpg>-----BEGIN PGP MESSAGE-----
Version: GnuPG v1.2.4 (GNU/Linux)

[Imagine encrypted text]

-----END PGP MESSAGE-----
</gpg>

Now press C-c C-S-d to get:

<gpg>Test data</gpg>

12.3 gpge Tag

Enclose unencrypted text within these tags and only its encrypted version will be published to the html file. This is useful when you need to maintain an unencrypted cleartext version in your local wiki source and publish it's encrypted counterpart to your web site.

Example:

<gpge>Test data</gpge>

Resultant html file section:

<pre class="example">-----BEGIN PGP MESSAGE-----
Version: GnuPG v1.2.4 (GNU/Linux)

[Imagine encrypted text]

-----END PGP MESSAGE-----
</pre>

13. Getting Help and Reporting Bugs

After you have read this guide, if you still have questions about EmacsWikiMode, or if you have bugs to report, there are several places you can go.

http://www.mwolson.org/projects/EmacsWiki.html is the page that Michael Olson made for emacs-wiki. For the duration of his maintainership, it may be considered the official emacs-wiki website.

You can join the mailing list at emacs-wiki-discuss@nongnu.org using the subscription form at http://mail.nongnu.org/mailman/listinfo/ emacs-wiki-discuss. This mailing list is also available via Gmane (http://gmane.org/). The group is called `gmane.emacs.wiki.general'.

http://www.emacswiki.org/cgi-bin/wiki/EmacsWikiMode is the emacswiki.org page, and anyone may add tips and hints to it.

You can visit the IRC Freenode channel `#emacs'. Many of the contributors are frequently around and willing to answer your questions.

You can also contact the maintainer of EmacsWikiMode, Michael Olson, at mwolson@gnu.org.

14. Contributors

Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 John Wiegley
Copyright © 2004 John Sullivan
Copyright © 2004 Sacha Chua
Copyright © 2004 Michael Olson
Copyright © 2004 Anirudh Sasikumar

The first draft of this document was made by John Sullivan, and he did a majority of the work on it. Parts of this document were taken from the emacs-wiki.el source code, so a copyright notice for John Wiegley was added.

While Sacha Chua maintained emacs-wiki, she worked quite a bit on this document and split off the Planner and Remember sections.

Michael Olson added several sections, like the one on 11. Multiple Projects. He also reworked some sections in various ways.

Anirudh Sasikumar contributed documentation for the 12. Encryption node. Many thanks to him for implementing this useful feature and documenting it!

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11. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally.
    NO WARRANTY

12. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.

13. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.

A.2 Appendix: How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs

If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.

To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.

one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.
Copyright (C) yyyy  name of author

This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.

This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
GNU General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307, USA.

Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.

If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:

Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) 19yy name of author
Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.

The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, the commands you use may be called something other than `show w' and `show c'; they could even be mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever suits your program.

You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:

Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program
`Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker.

signature of Ty Coon, 1 April 1989
Ty Coon, President of Vice

This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Library General Public License instead of this License.

B. GNU Free Documentation License

Copyright © 2000,2001,2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307, USA

Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.

1. PREAMBLE

   The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other functional and useful document free in the sense of freedom: to assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible for modifications made by others.

   This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft license designed for free software.

   We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free software, because free software needs free documentation: a free program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals; it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.

2. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS

   This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice grants a world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that work under the conditions stated herein. The "Document", below, refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a licensee, and is addressed as "you". You accept the license if you copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission under copyright law.

   A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with modifications and/or translated into another language.

   A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter section of the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall directly within that overall subject. (Thus, if the Document is in part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal, commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding them.

   The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whose titles are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice that says that the Document is released under this License. If a section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not allowed to be designated as Invariant. The Document may contain zero Invariant Sections. If the Document does not identify any Invariant Sections then there are none.

   The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are listed, as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that the Document is released under this License. A Front-Cover Text may be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words.

   A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy, represented in a format whose specification is available to the general public, that is suitable for revising the document straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent. An image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount of text. A copy that is not "Transparent" is called "Opaque".

   Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML or XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple HTML, PostScript or PDF designed for human modification. Examples of transparent image formats include PNG, XCF and JPG. Opaque formats include proprietary formats that can be read and edited only by proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or processing tools are not generally available, and the machine-generated HTML, PostScript or PDF produced by some word processors for output purposes only.

   The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself, plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in formats which do not have any title page as such, "Title Page" means the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title, preceding the beginning of the body of the text.

   A section "Entitled XYZ" means a named subunit of the Document whose title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following text that translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ stands for a specific section name mentioned below, such as "Acknowledgements", "Dedications", "Endorsements", or "History".) To "Preserve the Title" of such a section when you modify the Document means that it remains a section "Entitled XYZ" according to this definition.

   The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which states that this License applies to the Document. These Warranty Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has no effect on the meaning of this License.

3. VERBATIM COPYING

   You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3.

   You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and you may publicly display copies.

4. COPYING IN QUANTITY

   If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must present the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition. Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated as verbatim copying in other respects.

   If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent pages.

   If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy a computer-network location from which the general network-using public has access to download using public-standard network protocols a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material. If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated location until at least one year after the last time you distribute an Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that edition to the public.

   It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document.

5. MODIFICATIONS

   You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:

   1. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous version if the original publisher of that version gives permission.

   2. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five), unless they release you from this requirement.

   3. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the Modified Version, as the publisher.

   4. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.

   5. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications adjacent to the other copyright notices.

   6. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.

   7. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice.

   8. Include an unaltered copy of this License.

   9. Preserve the section Entitled "History", Preserve its Title, and add to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If there is no section Entitled "History" in the Document, create one stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified Version as stated in the previous sentence.

   10. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise the network locations given in the Document for previous versions it was based on. These may be placed in the "History" section. You may omit a network location for a work that was published at least four years before the Document itself, or if the original publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.

   11. For any section Entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications", Preserve the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all the substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or dedications given therein.

   12. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.

   13. Delete any section Entitled "Endorsements". Such a section may not be included in the Modified Version.

   14. Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled "Endorsements" or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.

   15. Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.

   If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice. These titles must be distinct from any other section titles.

   You may add a section Entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text has been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a standard.

   You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of, you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit permission from the previous publisher that added the old one.

   The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or imply endorsement of any Modified Version.

6. COMBINING DOCUMENTS

   You may combine the Document with other documents released under this License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers.

   The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but different contents, make the title of each such section unique by adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number. Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work.

   In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled "History" in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled "History"; likewise combine any sections Entitled "Acknowledgements", and any sections Entitled "Dedications". You must delete all sections Entitled "Endorsements."

7. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS

   You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects.

   You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.

8. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS

   A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or distribution medium, is called an "aggregate" if the copyright resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit. When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves derivative works of the Document.

   If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form. Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole aggregate.

9. TRANSLATION

   Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4. Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special permission from their copyright holders, but you may include translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a translation of this License, and all the license notices in the Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include the original English version of this License and the original versions of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a disagreement between the translation and the original version of this License or a notice or disclaimer, the original version will prevail.

   If a section in the Document is Entitled "Acknowledgements", "Dedications", or "History", the requirement (section 4) to Preserve its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual title.

10. TERMINATION

    You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except as expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License. However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance.

11. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE

    The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/.

    Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.

C. ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents

To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of the License in the document and put the following copyright and license notices just after the title page:

  Copyright (C)  year  your name.
  Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
  under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2
  or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
  with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover
  Texts.  A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU
  Free Documentation License''.

If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts, replace the "with...Texts." line with this:

    with the Invariant Sections being list their titles, with
    the Front-Cover Texts being list, and with the Back-Cover Texts
    being list.

If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the situation.

If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of free software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to permit their use in free software.

Index

Footnotes

(1)

See Info file `pgg', node `Overview'.

(2)

A function defined by PGG

Table of Contents

1. Preface
2. Introduction
3. Installation

3.1 Installing a release
3.2 Installing the development version

4. Wiki Concepts
5. Getting Started
6. Keystroke Summary
7. Markup Rules

7.1 Changing Title or Stylesheet
7.2 Lists
7.3 Images
7.4 Lisp Tricks
7.5 Non-existent Links

8. Interactive Functions
9. Convenience Features
10. Fancy Tables
11. Multiple Projects
12. Encryption

12.1 Interface to PGG
12.2 gpg Tag
12.3 gpge Tag

13. Getting Help and Reporting Bugs
14. Contributors
A. GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE

A.1 Preamble
A.2 Appendix: How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs

B. GNU Free Documentation License
C. ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents
Index

Short Table of Contents

1. Preface
2. Introduction
3. Installation
4. Wiki Concepts
5. Getting Started
6. Keystroke Summary
7. Markup Rules
8. Interactive Functions
9. Convenience Features
10. Fancy Tables
11. Multiple Projects
12. Encryption
13. Getting Help and Reporting Bugs
14. Contributors
A. GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
B. GNU Free Documentation License
C. ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents
Index

About this document

where the Example assumes that the current position is at Subsubsection One-Two-Three of a document of the following structure:

• 1. Section One
  • 1.1 Subsection One-One
    • ...
  • 1.2 Subsection One-Two
    • 1.2.1 Subsubsection One-Two-One
    • 1.2.2 Subsubsection One-Two-Two
    • 1.2.3 Subsubsection One-Two-Three     <== Current Position
    • 1.2.4 Subsubsection One-Two-Four
  • 1.3 Subsection One-Three
    • ...
  • 1.4 Subsection One-Four