Samba-filserver

One of the most common ways to network Kubuntu and Windows computers is to configure Samba as a File Server. This section covers setting up a Samba server to share files with Windows clients.

The server will be configured to share files with any client on the network without prompting for a password. If the environment requires stricter Access Controls, see the section called “Säkra en Samba fil- och skrivarserver”

Installation

Första steget är att installera paketet samba. Skriv från en terminalprompt:

sudo apt-get install samba

That's all there is to it. Samba is ready to be configured for file sharing.

Konfiguration

The main Samba configuration file is located in /etc/samba/smb.conf. The default configuration file has a significant number of comments in order to document various configuration directives.

Note

Inte alla valbara alternativ är inkluderade i standardkonfigurationsfilen. Se smb.confman-sida eller Samba HOWTO Collection för fler detaljer.

  1. Edit the following key/value pairs in the [global] section of /etc/samba/smb.conf:

    workgroup = EXAMPLE
    ...
    security = user
    

    The security parameter is farther down in the [global] section, and is commented out by default. Change EXAMPLE to match the actual environment.

  2. Create a new section at the bottom of the file, or uncomment one of the examples for the directory to be shared:

    [share]
    comment = Ubuntu File Server Share
    path = /srv/samba/share
    browsable = yes
    guest ok = yes
    read only = no
    create mask = 0755
    
    • comment: a short description of the share. Adjust to fit as appropriate.

    • path: Sökvägen till den delade katalogen.

      This example uses /srv/samba/sharename because, according to the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS), /srv is where site-specific data should be served. Technically Samba shares can be placed anywhere on the filesystem as long as the permissions are correct, but adhering to standards is recommended.

    • browsable: möjliggör för Windowsklienter att bläddra i den delade katalogen genom att använda Windows Explorer.

    • guest ok: tillåter klienter att ansluta till delningen utan att ange något lösenord.

    • read only: bestämmer om utdelningen endast är läsbar eller om skrivrättigheter är beviljade. Skrivrättigheter tillåts endast om värdet är no, som ses i detta exempel. Om värdet är yes, då är åtkomsten till utdelningen endast läsbar.

    • create mask: fastställer rättigheterna som nya filer får när de skapas.

  3. Nu när Samba är konfigurerat, behöver katalogen skapas och rättigheterna ändras. skriv från en terminal:

    sudo mkdir -p /srv/samba/share
    sudo chown nobody.nogroup /srv/samba/share/
    

    Note

    The -p switch tells mkdir to create the entire directory tree if it doesn't exist. Change the share name to fit the environment.

  4. Till sist, starta om tjänsten samba för att aktivera din nya konfiguration:

    sudo /etc/init.d/samba restart
    

Warning

The above configuration gives all access to any client on the local network. For a more secure configuration, see the section called “Säkra en Samba fil- och skrivarserver”.

From a Windows client, it should now be possible to browse to the Kubuntu file server and see the shared directory. To check that everything is working, try creating a directory from Windows.

To create additional shares, simply create new [dir] sections in /etc/samba/smb.conf, and restart Samba. Make sure that the directory to be shared actually exists and that the permissions are correct.

Resurser